纵隔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管细菌感染A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管细菌感染多见于脐和膀胱之间，通常设在脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可多见于仅仅设在脐下。这些细菌感染可展现为完全无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，脐尿管细菌感染，此细菌感染已受感染，结构上含有微弱回声的气体。B，脐尿管细菌感染，尴尬的细菌感染前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis胎盘腹腔病变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).鼓膜胎盘腹腔病变是胎盘做动手术的长期合并症，无类似展现，但可于以前动手术的瘢痕三处见一局部肿物，并有周期适度的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产伤疤三处胎盘腹腔病变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 鼓膜血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可起因于发作适度气喘后、恶心或哮喘发作后，其关键在于通常是抗凝治疗或出血适度病症。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其圆形根据所三处位置而定，在弓状新线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴长方形上下方向，可于一侧认出（所示13A）；在弓状新线都有，由于腹白新线缺如，可拓展横过中会新线，因此血肿展现为分锯齿状，其远超过长度设在横轴上。在新生儿鼓膜血肿可多见于脐上横向拓展（所示13B、C）。术后弥散适度血管内凝血的病人可于鼓膜动手术瘢痕临近认出大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中会年妇女更为严重气喘后腹直肌鞘血肿，标记引导腹横静脉。B，新生儿鼓膜血肿。C，一新生儿脐血管粘附三处上面的鼓膜血肿。UV，脐血管。D，一弥散适度血管内凝血的剖宫产术后病人疤痕三处鼓膜血肿。

分页: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 校对： 张靖